
Despite billions in government subsidies and new fab construction, the semiconductor supply chain remains fragile and concentrated in ways that should concern everyone.

The Digital Markets Act is being enforced with real teeth, and Silicon Valley is finally paying attention.
The European Union's Digital Markets Act has moved from theory to practice, and the early enforcement actions are significant. Apple was forced to allow sideloading on iPhones in Europe. Google must offer real choice screens for default search engines. Meta faces structural requirements around data portability.
The fines for non-compliance are substantial: up to 10 percent of global revenue, with 20 percent for repeat offenses. These are not symbolic penalties. For a company like Apple, 10 percent of global revenue is over $38 billion.
US regulators are watching closely. The FTC and DOJ have ongoing antitrust cases against Google, Apple, Amazon, and Meta, but US enforcement has been slower and more litigious. Europe's regulatory-first approach is producing faster results.
The tech companies are lobbying hard against these regulations, but their arguments are wearing thin. The claim that regulation stifles innovation rings hollow when the regulated companies are the most profitable corporations in human history.
The real question is whether Europe's approach will become the global template or remain an exception. Early signs suggest the former: Japan, South Korea, and India are all developing similar frameworks.

Despite billions in government subsidies and new fab construction, the semiconductor supply chain remains fragile and concentrated in ways that should concern everyone.